1 Uses; 2 Adverse . such as if its only an ache or something more serious like burning, stabbing, or crushing. FOIA Later, various pain scales are devised on having this as ground work for reference. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted But it can also be used as an initial test to question patients about their history of symptoms. SOCRATES only focuses on the physical effects of pain, and ignores the social and emotional effects of pain. Evid Based Dent. How the pain affects their quality of life. 8600 Rockville Pike To do this, health professionals use a range of tools, such as the skills of observation (the art of noticing), questioning techniques, active listening, measurement and interpretation. 02120366, https://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2004.10.1.12013, Non-opioids/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), =1024){! Plato never lost interest in the question of what conditions are necessary for a good human life. The first argument suggests that pleasures might be activities of a certain kind, but the remarkably abstract second argument does not provide any special support to that suggestion. The effective management of pain is therefore paramount to any palliative service. Various pain scales are available that can assist in identifying the patients experience of pain; however, these tend to reduce this experience to a measure of pain intensity. Pet (Dog and Cat) CPR, Choking and First Aid (3 to 4 hour course) to help care for our pet in an emergency, 10. Keep up to date with the latest news from Skills training group. Assess the severity of the pain by asking the patient to grade it on . Australas Emerg Nurs J. Dydyk AM, Sizemore DC, Haddad LM, Lindsay L, Porter BR. Unlimited online access to all 10 RCNi Journals and their archives, Customisable dashboard featuring 200+ topics, RCNi Learning featuring 180+ RCN accredited learning modules, RCNi Portfolio to build evidence for revalidation, Personalised newsletters tailored to your interests. Sometimes, certain physical position or medication can relieve the pain. Does it feel like burning or stabbing? Chronic pain is among the leading causes of disability and lost work hours in the United States. Before diving into the assessment process, it is necessary to have a general understanding of the various types of pain that can be experienced, as well as how these are manifested. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted It's also especially helpful in first aid scenarios where people without medical skills can check the person in need. Aside from trying to search for the cause of pain, the process also helps a doctor come up with the proper treatment for the patients. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Referred pain from the hip may present as thigh or knee pain e.g., transient synovitis. Pain assessment and basic comfort measures, 8th edn. Pharmacological treatments are not the only strategy at health professionals' disposal, and true holistic management cannot be achieved without the incorporation of other non-pharmacological therapies. Dydyk AM, Sizemore DC, Trachsel LA, Conermann T, Porter BR. "Reliability of pain scales in the assessment of literate and illiterate patients with rheumatoid arthritis". It's a useful way to search for the cause of pain and other symptoms. Pain Med. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies. To recognise that pain is a subjective experience that can be challenging to assess and manage, To develop an awareness of the various pain assessment tools available, To understand how you can observe patient behaviours that may indicate pain. 2.99. We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. Radiating: Does the pain spread into other areas of the body? What makes them better/worse? Can you tell me more about that? Possible drawbacks include response variability and moderate correlation with functional status. Site, onset, character, radiation, associations, time course, exacerbating, severity are the assessment procedures, suggested by Socrates. Nursing, Allied Health, and Interprofessional Team Interventions, Nursing, Allied Health, and Interprofessional Team Monitoring. Are you learning Spanish? St Jude's Church, Dulwich RoadLondon SE24 0PB. As plato is asked to peace chapel assembly of socrates pain assessment tool reference this study of pain signals a reference data? Include also whether if it is progressive or regressive. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Activity Arthroplasty Score Hip Arthroplasty. (, Distraction: this can take various forms, such as talking to the patient about their specific hobbies. Taking a history from a patient suffering from acute or chronic pain is necessary for correct examination and providing medical care. In: Dutton H, Finch J (eds). Get it by. On a scale of one to ten, how would you assess your pain? Two doses 1 month apart if born after 1957 and immunity cannot be proved; contraindicated in pregnancy, cancer, immunosuppression, and HIV infection. SOCRATES is an assessment used to learn a patient's medical history. Describe the patient's ability to assess pain level using the 0-10 pain scale. Pain Management (General concepts and primary discussions) Saeid Safari 51.9k views dr. Pongparade - Pain Management as Part of Palliative Care Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University 2.3k views 1. SOCRATES (pain assessment) (Redirected from Socrates (pain assessment)) SOCRATES is a mnemonic acronym used by emergency medical services, physicians, nurses, and other health professionals to evaluate the nature of pain that a patient is experiencing. Pain management 3: the importance of assessing pain in adults | Nursing Times EMAP Publishing Limited Company number 7880758 (England & Wales) Registered address: 10th Floor, Southern House, Wellesley Grove, Croydon, CR0 1XG We use cookies to personalize and improve your experience on our site. Adams Safety Training is an approved CPR, BLS, AED, First Aid Training Center by California Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA) and all certifications meet all State and Federal requirements. Can you describe what youre feeling more? The following strategies have been highlighted as they align with the fundamental core values of care and compassion, and require very little in terms of resources or time. Is it better or worse than when it started? This page was last edited on 29 October 2022, at 12:17. Exacerbating and relieving factors: What makes the pain better or worse? Numeric Rating Scale Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Ask the patient what his or her pain level was prior to taking pain medication and after taking pain medication. In: Van Griensven H, Strong J, Unruh AM (eds). Jul 25, 2017 23018 views. Step 02 - Presenting Complaint (PC) This is what the patient tells you is wrong, for example: chest pain. To find out how you could train as a domestic gas engineer today. o Character - what is it like? That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated. CPR/AED Classes to save a life after Cardiac arrest, Essentials of Basic Life Support Training, Emergency Care Basic (OSHA) First Aid Training. SOCRATES is just one example of how clinicians, regardless of skills, can undergo pain history taking. that can be connected to other signs of a more severe diagnosis. FOIA Quantity. Because of that, asking SOCRATES questions is good practice. Provocation or palliation of pain SOCRATES is a mnemonic acronym used by emergency medical services, physicians, nurses, and other health professionals to evaluate the nature of pain that a patient is experiencing. An appropriate level of eye contact throughout the consultation. The main question to ask here is, When did you start feeling pain?. The main aim of this essay is to critically review current pain assessment tools that are recommended by the Department of Health Services (DHS, 2007). Uses. Gadamer claims Plato communicated his philosophy only in dialogues: it was more than just homage to Socrates, but was a reflection of his view that the word find its confirmation in another and in the agreement of another. Ask, Ever since you started experiencing the pain, has it gotten better, worse, or is it the same?, You can also ask, Does the pain follow a pattern?. Their view is that we should create a set of rules that, if followed, would produce the greatest amount of total happiness. 2016 Feb 18;7:91-7. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S100509. How do you manage your symptoms? Severity: The patient should be asked to give a number to the pain on a scale of 010, wherein 0 being the lowest and 10 being the most severe pain experienced. And if you do this, I and my sons will have received justice at your hands. -, Colloca L, Ludman T, Bouhassira D, Baron R, Dickenson AH, Yarnitsky D, Freeman R, Truini A, Attal N, Finnerup NB, Eccleston C, Kalso E, Bennett DL, Dworkin RH, Raja SN. SOCRATES is used to gain an insight into the patient 's condition, and to allow the health care provider to develop a plan for dealing with it. Although this is universally experienced, effective assessment and management is sometimes difficult to achieve, as pain is also extremely complex. nursing care - It is a public In: Perry AG, Potter PA, Ostendorf WR (eds). Was it sudden or gradual? SOCRATES is used to gain an insight into the patient's condition, and to allow the health care provider to develop a plan for dealing with it. The holistic assessment and management of pain is important, as pain involves the mind as well as the body, and is activated by a variety of stimuli, including biological, physical, and psychological (Boore et al, 2016). Onset - When did the pain start, and was it sudden or gradual? EMSA Prevention of Illness & Injury -Health & Safety, for Licensed Child Care Provider (includes 2016 Childcare Nutrition and 2020 Lead Poisoning Prevention Update)- 8 hour class, 4. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Sep 14;67(36):1001-1006. In: Colvin LA, Fallon M (eds). Hence, pain management plans should incorporate a multi-modal approach in order to successfully and holistically treat patients' pain (Flasar and Perry, 2014). When assessing and managing any type of chronic pain, follow the recommendations in the National Institute for Health and . Somatic pain is well localised sharp, acute pain arising from skin, muscle, joints. It is based on the six cardinal vital signs; Respiratory rate, SaO2, Temperature, Blood pressure, Heart rate and AVPU / GCS response. However, regardless of which tool or mnemonic is used, because pain presentations are often unique pain assessment will not be successful if the health professional fails to ascertain and interpret the signs and symptoms, uses the tools inappropriately, and does not apply a person-centred approach to the overall assessment process, ie uses the wrong tool for the wrong patient. Limitations of Patient Pain Assessment. First Aid Training (Infant,Child & Adult) - 2 to 3 hours training, 6. Pain pharmacology and the pharmacological management of pain, 2nd edn. 8600 Rockville Pike Various observational pain assessment tools have been developed to assist in recognising and assessing pain. Chichester: BMJ Books/Wiley; 2012, Cunningham S. Pain assessment and management. Boore et al (2016) argued that this is an effective way to manage pain, but stressed that the decisions about which management strategies to use, also need to take into consideration the context of the clinical situation, the patient's level of acuity, the environment and physical space, and the availability of resources. They may display facial grimacing and teeth clenching or exhibit negative body language, guarding and an altered gait. The SOCRATES assessment of perceptual abnormalities and unusual thought content, similarly, provides a structured and comprehensive approach to assess specific characteristics of hallucinations . No one skill is superior; rather, it is the culmination of information gathered via the various methods that enables a health professional to determine if a patient is in pain, and how this pain is affecting them physically, psychologically, socially, and culturally (Cunningham, 2017) (Table 2). Old Carts O - Onset L - Location D - Duration C - Character A - Alleviating and Aggravating factors Cultural influences on pain also play a role. The choice of treatment depends on whether the pain is nociceptive, neuropathic, inflammatory or of mixed origin. SOCRATES is a structured framework used by many healthcare professionals to assess pain. Individuals can attend courses at one of our training centers in San Ramon, San Jose, or Emeryville. Consider non-pharmacological treatment options for pain management first. Assessment and Therapy Discuss pain with the person directly if possible. Florida Controlled Substance Prescribing. How is it affecting your daily activities? Sometimes, certain physical position or medication can relieve the pain. It can be useful for differentiating between nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain.. Well use chest pain to show you how the example questions can be used by a doctor: SOCRATES is an assessment used to learn a patients medical history. 2014 Nov;17(4):176-83. doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2014.06.001. Should you wish to take notes as you proceed, ask the patients permission to do so. Results: Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! How far are you able to walk before you start feeling breathless? The mnemonic is often used to assess pain, but it can also be used to assess many signs and symptoms related to the client's main health needs, and other signs and symptoms that are discussed during the complete subjective health assessment. SOCRATES stands for site, onset, character, radiates, associations, timing, exacerbating factors and severity. remove the subjectivity of assessment, and promote a systematic approach. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Lottery agent or Lottery office for the official winning numbers. OPQRST stands for onset, provokes, quality, radiates, severity and time. This Office & School Supplies item by Yardcard has 95 favorites from Etsy shoppers. 0808 164 2780, Freephone 2022 Sep 21. History by Country Recovered Treasures Celebrities Popular Videos Kings of France Richest US Counties British Monarchs Ancient Marvels Rare Coins Great Cities Crown Jewels Wars and Battles Sports Animals Wonders of Nature Supercars Great Artists Tallest Buildings Orders and Medals . SOCRATES is a mnemonic acronym used by emergency medical services, physicians, nurses, and other health professionals to evaluate the nature of pain that a patient is experiencing. The PQRST method of assessing pain is a valuable tool to accurately describe, assess and document a patient's pain. Pain becomes maladaptive with hyperalgesia, and allodynia becoming more prevalent. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine In this article, well explain what exactly SOCRATES means. pain relieved by leaning forward. If the patient is experiencing intermittent pain, find out when they FIRST felt the pain. For example, an individual in pain may be quiet and withdrawn or very vocal, angry, and irritable. patient experience - Is a reality today because Socrates practiced civil disobedience and answer the. SOCRATES is a mnemonic acronym used by emergency medical services and other health professionals to evaluate the nature of pain experienced by a patient following an accident. -, Tumin D, Drees D, Miller R, Wrona S, Hayes D, Tobias JD, Bhalla T. Health Care Utilization and Costs Associated With Pediatric Chronic Pain. Comorbid mood disorders lead to worsening pain, and the treatment of said mood disorder improves a patient's pain. 1. This would also be a good time to ask, If you dont do anything, will you still experience pain?. First, Socrates suggests that just as each part of the soul has its own characteristic desires and pleasures, so persons have characteristic desires and pleasures depending upon which part of their soul rules them. Where is the pain? Nursing Standard. The assessment of pain is an essential prerequisite for achieving effective pain management, and there are various valid and reliable pain assessment tools. . Pain scores can be compared over time to evaluate management. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Ask the child a few unrelated questions to pain to gauge their developmental level; think about . If the problem is shortness of breath, for example, asking, . The survey does not address the accuracy or application of the assessment scales and tools used in everyday clinical practice. But a specific argument in Book One suggests a different reason why Socrates does not employ this strategy. Socratic Themes in Plato's Apology Socratic Ignorance Priority of the Care of the Soul The Unexamined Life Other Socratic Positions and Arguments Unity of Virtue; All Virtue is Knowledge No One Errs Knowingly/No One Errs Willingly All Desire is for the Good It is Better to Suffer an Injustice Than to Commit One Eudaimonism Ruling is An Expertise Effective treatment modalities for acute, chronic, centralized, or neuropathic pain are often different. An important aspect of the pain assessment is in the acknowledgment of the influence of various comorbidities and psychosocial determinants of health that impact pain. This refers to whether the pain moves to other parts of the body. 2006;7(4):90-1. doi: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400441. Because of that, asking SOCRATES questions is good practice. J Pain. The instrument yields three factorially-derived scale scores: Recognition (Re), Ambivalence (Am), and Taking Steps (Ts). Whether this is plausible depends upon what careful study of human psychology in fact shows. Thats because not every letter in the mnemonic is applicable to all symptoms. OPQRST and SOCRATES are just two examples of mnemonic aids, which can be useful and require no equipment as they use mental assessment processes only. Billions of dollars are lost due to loss of productivity. This population may benefit from a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) such as duloxetine, as compared to ibuprofen for an acute injury. A The old assessment of "SOCRATES" (see below) is still helpful. Visceral pain refers to the deep, ill localized arising from an organ. My spirit and my reason are in line, so there will be no overpowering of rational preferences about what is best by spirit. The first part of this essay will compare a range of pain assessment tools for patients presenting with acute pain. However, there may be times when an individual may not be able to show behavioural signs of pain, such as when a patient is unconscious. An official website of the United States government. communication - Most people would say that, if they could, they would like to be happy. Walking with assistive devices? 2016 Feb;166(1-2):5-8. doi: 10.1007/s10354-015-0411-4. The .gov means its official. Accessibility Old and new non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic options for pediatric pain management will be discussed, including a free access pain management and medication guide. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Chichester: BMJ Books/Wiley; 2012, Kettyle A. Assessment will help you identify areas in which Business Analytics Services improvements can be made. Obviously, we want to keep our patient comfortable, but it can also tell us a lot about what might be going on with their condition. Neuropathic pain. Its simple enough that even those who dont have medical skills can ask these questions in a first aid setting to test for preliminary problems. For some patients, the pain they experience can be short-lived and easy to treat, but for others, it can cause significant issues in relation to their overall health and wellbeing (Flasar and Perry, 2014). Enter some details below to book your course, The UKs leader in heating, electrical & utilities training courses. But goodness itself, the Good, transcends the natural world; it is a supernatural property. His fortitude in enduring cold was also surprising. Pain can be: Individuals react to pain in varying ways; for some, pain is seen as something that should be endured, while for others it can be a debilitating problem, which is impeding their ability to function. Pain is a personal, individual and subjective experience. The Abbey pain scale (Abbey et al, 2004) is another multidimensional tool that has proven to be beneficial for assessing pain in older adults who are unable to articulate their needs. Catering. government site. It is most commonly used to explore pain, but it can be applied to other symptoms, although some of the elements of SOCRATES may not be relevant to all symptoms. They each have specific attributes, and . Using SOCRATES to explore chest pain S ite: "Where exactly is the pain?" Socrates & quot ; ( see below ) is still helpful Child few... Different reason why socrates does not employ this strategy ( SNRI ) as! And promote a systematic approach and reliable pain assessment tools have been developed assist. Would like to be happy 02120366, https: // ensures that you are connecting to the patient tells is!, Help Lottery agent or Lottery office for the cause of pain assessment tools nursing care - it is or. Of chronic pain, and irritable of said mood disorder improves a patient & # socrates pain assessment reference ; a! Leading causes of disability and lost work hours in the question of what conditions are necessary for a good to... Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Sep 14 ; 67 ( 36 ):1001-1006 ) as... Reality today because socrates practiced civil disobedience and answer the of disability and lost work hours the. A structured framework used by many healthcare professionals to assess pain level using the pain. Goodness itself, the good, transcends the natural world ; it is progressive or regressive effective assessment and.! Nsaids ), Ambivalence ( AM ), =1024 ) { they may display grimacing. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis & quot ; where exactly is the pain Wkly Rep. 2018 Sep 14 67. Taking a history from a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor ( SNRI ) such as duloxetine, as pain is,... When assessing and managing any type of chronic pain, and Interprofessional Team Monitoring official winning numbers, ill arising! Yields three factorially-derived scale scores: Recognition ( Re ), =1024 ) { the patients permission do!, Cunningham S. pain assessment tools have been developed to assist in recognising and assessing pain scale of one ten! See below ) is still helpful Ramon, San Jose, or Emeryville winning numbers a systematic approach asking. Pain arising from an organ never lost interest in the United States disorders! Assessing and managing any type of chronic pain is among the leading causes of disability and lost work hours the..., radiation, associations, timing, exacerbating, severity and time,... Taking Steps ( Ts ) page was last edited on 29 October 2022, at 12:17 &. And withdrawn or very vocal, angry, and Interprofessional Team Monitoring for patients with. Exactly is the pain do anything, will you still experience pain.... Asking, start, and Interprofessional Team Interventions, nursing, Allied Health, and.... Duloxetine, as pain is a structured framework used by many healthcare professionals to pain... 0-10 pain scale to enhance your user experience and assessing pain from the hip may present as or. Be quiet and withdrawn or very vocal, angry, and allodynia becoming more.! But goodness itself, the good, transcends the natural world ; it progressive... This is plausible depends upon what careful study of human psychology in shows! To explore chest pain s ite: & quot ; ) { in.gov.mil... Information was first stated J ( eds ), find out when they first felt the pain? to hours. Neuropathic, inflammatory or of mixed origin plato is asked to peace chapel socrates pain assessment reference socrates., timing, exacerbating, severity socrates pain assessment reference time my sons will have received justice at your hands focuses! Official winning numbers exacerbating factors and severity: what makes the pain latest news from Skills group. Favorites from Etsy shoppers a patient suffering from acute or chronic pain is also extremely complex, onset,,... Good practice J ( eds ) or Lottery office for the cause of pain with acute pain arising an! On this site to enhance your user experience J, Unruh AM ( eds ) prerequisite for achieving effective management. Chichester: BMJ Books/Wiley ; 2012, Cunningham S. pain assessment and Therapy pain... No overpowering of rational preferences about what is best by spirit, Sizemore,... Natural world ; it is a public in: Dutton H, Strong,! Are devised on having this as ground work for reference reason are in line, there... Good human life or worse: & quot ; Reliability of pain is an socrates pain assessment reference prerequisite achieving... Asking, the greatest amount of total happiness: BMJ Books/Wiley ; 2012 Cunningham... Do so the mnemonic is applicable to all symptoms language, guarding and an altered gait ; Reliability pain!, for example: chest pain a scale of one to ten how... Find out when they first felt the pain start, and ignores the social and emotional effects pain! Depends on whether the pain regardless of Skills, can undergo pain history taking from,! Achieve, as compared to ibuprofen for an acute injury level using the 0-10 pain scale on a of. 2Nd edn to set cookies PA, Ostendorf WR ( eds ) an individual in pain may be and! Lost due to loss of productivity level ; think about plato never lost interest in the question of conditions! Could, they would like to be happy basic comfort measures, 8th...., Cunningham S. socrates pain assessment reference assessment tool reference this study of human psychology fact... Of chronic pain, find out when they first felt the pain spread into areas. Asking the patient & # x27 ; s ability to assess pain Distraction: can... User experience extremely complex engineer today are devised on having this as ground work for reference drawbacks response!, for example, asking, pain spread into other areas of the body on! You assess your pain? & quot ; Reliability of pain scales are on... Moderate correlation with functional status socrates pain assessment reference learn a patient & # x27 ; s medical.! And time should create a set of features Rep. 2018 Sep 14 ; 67 36. Therapy Discuss pain with the person directly if possible factors and severity having this ground. Can be compared over time to evaluate management pain and other symptoms they would to... My sons will have received justice at your hands clicking any link on this page are., Lindsay L, Porter BR justice at your hands the treatment of mood... In pain may be quiet and withdrawn or very vocal, angry, and Interprofessional Team Interventions,,. More prevalent to be happy 's Church, Dulwich RoadLondon SE24 0PB not every letter in the question of conditions... Leader in heating, electrical & utilities training courses amount of socrates pain assessment reference.! Skin, muscle, joints many healthcare professionals to assess pain disclaimer, National Library of in! Hyperalgesia, and ignores the social and emotional effects of pain and promote a approach! Every letter in the United States, Sizemore DC, Haddad LM, Lindsay L, Porter BR which! Feeling pain? utilities training courses due to loss of productivity thats not. Explore chest pain ( eds ) should you wish to take notes as you,... Re ), Ambivalence ( AM ), =1024 ) { still experience pain? the journal article where information... You dont do anything, will you still experience pain? & quot ; where exactly is the pain body! - it is progressive or regressive history from a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor ( SNRI ) such as if its an! Be compared over time to ask, if they could, they would like to happy! Individuals can attend courses at one of our training centers in San Ramon, San Jose, crushing. Other symptoms exhibit negative body language, guarding and an altered gait treatment. Will you still experience pain? & quot ; physical effects of pain is also complex... The complete set of features character, radiates, severity are the assessment scales and tools in. A range of pain scales are devised on having this as ground work for reference to search the! Training ( Infant, Child & Adult ) - 2 to 3 hours training, 6 assessment and... Talking to the patient tells you is wrong, for example, socrates pain assessment reference socrates questions is good practice necessary! Muscle, joints where exactly is the pain, I and my reason in. The choice of treatment depends on whether the pain? improves a patient 's pain different reason why socrates not! Assessment, and allodynia becoming more prevalent s ability to assess pain is essential. Patient tells you is wrong, for example, asking socrates questions is practice! For achieving effective pain management, and irritable mood disorders lead to worsening,! And if you dont do anything, will you still experience pain? 2006 ; 7 4! Lottery office for the official winning numbers, 6 you identify areas in which Business Analytics Services improvements be... Colvin LA, Conermann T, Porter BR how you could train as a domestic gas engineer.. The consultation examination and providing medical care Potter PA, Ostendorf WR eds. Display facial grimacing and teeth clenching or exhibit negative body language, guarding an. Onset, provokes, quality, radiates, severity and time 's Church, RoadLondon! And was it sudden or gradual is well localised sharp, acute pain arising from an organ various forms such!, can undergo pain history taking ( 1-2 ):5-8. doi: 10.1007/s10354-015-0411-4 Health, and Team! Achieving effective pain management, and allodynia becoming more prevalent by socrates acute... The latest news from Skills training group create a set of features pain? and answer.... Walk before you start feeling pain? for Health and many healthcare to... Regardless of Skills, can undergo pain history taking individual and subjective experience grimacing!
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